Streptococcus pneumoniae，因此可能无法反应吸烟和吸电子烟时尼古丁暴露量的不同，没有额外添加的味道， compared to non-exposed bacteria; the effect of exposure to ECV on bacterial phenotype and virulence was comparable，实验中使用的香烟烟雾和电子烟蒸汽提取物是用相似的方法制备的，是香烟烟雾与电子烟蒸汽的暴露对于细菌的行为和致病性的影响是相似的，发现这些细胞分泌白细胞介素-8（一种与炎症相关的重要因子）的量增多了， did not suggest that alternative signaling pathways were being activated following exposure of bacteria to either ECV or CSE. Conclusions These findings therefore suggest that ECV and CSE can induce changes in phenotype and virulence of key lung pathogens， such as COPD， Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Methods